Georgia Institute of Technology Health Analytics

Data descriptor citation:

Harati, P., Gentili, M., Serban, N. "2025 Projections for Accessibility and Availability of Adult Primary Care: Georgia", published by the Health Analytics Group @ GT.

This data descriptor provides spatial access projections for 2025, using a 2013 base year, for adult primary care in Georgia at the census tract level. Adult primary care consists of visits to general practice, family medicine, and internal medicine physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants by the population aged 19-64. We assume the Affordable Care Act was implemented in Georgia without and with the Medicaid expansion option. Data is included for both the overall population (that is, Medicaid-insured, privately-insured and uninsured populations combined) and for the Medicaid-insured population alone.

Accessibility is a measure between 0 and 1 reflecting the distance barriers patients face to reach their providers. It is calculated as one minus the ratio between the average distance a person travels to reach his/her assigned provider and the maximum allowed distance according to the guidelines established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Higher values mean on average, patients living in that geographic area do not have to travel as far to access care.

Availability is a measure between 0 and 1 reflecting the opportunity patients have to choose among different providers. It is calculated as one minus the congestion (the ratio between assigned visits to a provider and his/her maximum caseload) a person experiences for each visit at his/her assigned provider. Higher values mean on average, patients living in that geographic area visit providers who have more excess capacity.

Coverage is a measure between 0 and 1 reflecting patients’ ability to find providers to serve them. Specifically, it equals the proportion of adults in a geographic area who were matched with a provider.

Also included in the file is the estimated number of visits needed and the estimated number of visits served. The number of visits needed depends on the age, gender, and insurance status of the population. The number of visits served is the number of visits needed that providers are able to see, which is based on the projected on residing in that geographic area.

The two files included with this data descriptor are:

apc_2025_nonexpansion.csv - The projection data without the Medicaid expansion option

apc_2025_expansion.csv - The projection data with the Medicaid expansion option

The data file attached with this descriptor includes the following columns:

GEOID10 - The identification number of the census tract
X & Y - latitude and longitude
Accessibility: Accessibility for the overall population living in that census tract
AccessibilityMED: Accessibility for the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
Availability: Availability for the overall population living in that census tract
AvailabilityMED: Availability for the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
Coverage: Coverage for the overall population living in that census tract
CoverageMED: Coverage for the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
VisitsNeeded: The number of visits needed by the overall population living in that census tract
VisitsServed: The number of visits needed by the overall population living in that census tract that are able to be served by the available supply
VisitsNeededMED: The number of visits needed by the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
VisitsServedMED: The number of visits needed by the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract that are able to be served by the available supply

Data descriptor citation:

Gentili, M., Serban, N., Swann, J. "Accessibility and Availability of Pediatric Primary Care: North Carolina", published by the Health Analytics Group@GT.

This data descriptor presents small-area estimates for spatial access estimates derived using optimization modeling with access constraints, for the state of North Carolina  and for year 2013. Estimates are included for both the overall children population (that is, Medicaid-insured, privately-insured and uninsured populations combined) and for the Medicaid-insured population alone. Spatial access measures considered are Accessibility and Availability.

Accessibility pertains to the distance barriers that patients experience in reaching their providers, measured as travel distance. Availability pertains to the providers’ patient volume or time available for healthcare delivery that patients experience when seeking care, measured as congestion experienced at in the provider's office.We also provide the percentage of children who have access, defined here as coverage. The estimates are differentiated for public-insured and private-insured children because of the differences in acceptability of these two insurance types. These estimates can be used to identify locations where to target improvements in spatial access to pediatric primary care and to quantify disparities between public-insured and private-insured children. Similar estimates are also provided for other states available as separate data descriptors, allowing for comparisons between states.

The data file attached with this descriptor includes the following columns:

GEOID10 - The identification number of the census tract
X & Y - latitude and longitude
Coverage - The percentage of children who are matched with a provider (i.e. they have access)
CoverageMED - The percentage of public-insured children who are matched with a provider accepting public insurance
CoveragOTH - The percentage of private-insured children who are matched with a provider
TravelDistance - The average travel distance a child travels to reach his/her primary care provider
TravelDistanceMED - The average travel distance a public-insured  child travels to reach his/her primary care provider accepting public insurance
TravelDistanceOTH - The average travel distance a privately-insured child travels to reach his/her primary care provider
Congestion - The ratio between met need to providers' caseload
CongestionMED - The ratio between met need for public-insured children to providers' Medicaid caseload
CongestionOTH - The ratio between met need for privately-insured children to providers' non-Medicaid caseload

Data descriptor citation:

Gentili, M., Serban, N., Swann, J. "Accessibility and Availability of Pediatric Primary Care: Minnesota", published by the Health Analytics Group@GT.

This data descriptor presents small-area estimates for spatial access estimates derived using optimization modeling with access constraints, for the state of Minnesota and for year 2013. Estimates are included for both the overall children population (that is, Medicaid-insured, privately-insured and uninsured populations combined) and for the Medicaid-insured population alone. Spatial access measures considered are Accessibility and Availability.

Accessibility pertains to the distance barriers that patients experience in reaching their providers, measured as travel distance. Availability pertains to the providers’ patient volume or time available for healthcare delivery that patients experience when seeking care, measured as congestion experienced at in the provider's office.We also provide the percentage of children who have access, defined here as coverage. The estimates are differentiated for public-insured and private-insured children because of the differences in acceptability of these two insurance types. These estimates can be used to identify locations where to target improvements in spatial access to pediatric primary care and to quantify disparities between public-insured and private-insured children. Similar estimates are also provided for other states available as separate data descriptors, allowing for comparisons between states.

The data file attached with this descriptor includes the following columns:

GEOID10 - The identification number of the census tract
X & Y - latitude and longitude
Coverage - The percentage of children who are matched with a provider (i.e. they have access)
CoverageMED - The percentage of public-insured children who are matched with a provider accepting public insurance
CoveragOTH - The percentage of private-insured children who are matched with a provider
TravelDistance - The average travel distance a child travels to reach his/her primary care provider
TravelDistanceMED - The average travel distance a public-insured  child travels to reach his/her primary care provider accepting public insurance
TravelDistanceOTH - The average travel distance a privately-insured child travels to reach his/her primary care provider
Congestion - The ratio between met need to providers' caseload
CongestionMED - The ratio between met need for public-insured children to providers' Medicaid caseload
CongestionOTH - The ratio between met need for privately-insured children to providers' non-Medicaid caseload

Data descriptor citation:

Harati, P., Gentili, M., Serban, N. "Accessibility and Availability of Adult Primary Care: Georgia", published by the Health Analytics Group @ GT.

This data descriptor provides spatial access estimates for adult primary care in the state of Georgia in 2013 at the census tract level. Adult primary care consists of visits to general practice, family medicine, and internal medicine physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants by the population age 19-64. Estimates are included for both the overall adult population (that is, Medicaid-insured, privately-insured and uninsured populations combined) and for the Medicaid-insured population alone. Spatial access measures considered are Accessibility, Availability, and Coverage.

Accessibility is a measure between 0 and 1 reflecting the distance barriers patients face to reach their providers. It is calculated as one minus the ratio between the average distance a person travels to reach his/her assigned provider and the maximum allowed distance according to the guidelines established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Higher values mean on average, patients living in that geographic area do not have to travel as far to access care.

Availability is a measure between 0 and 1 reflecting the opportunity patients have to choose among different providers. It is calculated as one minus the congestion (the ratio between assigned visits to a provider and his/her maximum caseload) a person experiences for each visit at his/her assigned provider. Higher values mean on average, patients living in that geographic area visit providers who have more excess capacity.

Coverage is a measure between 0 and 1 reflecting patients’ ability to find providers to serve them. Specifically, it equals the proportion of adults in a geographic area who were matched with a provider.

Also included in the file is the estimated number of visits needed and the estimated number of visits served. The number of visits needed depends on the age, gender, and insurance status of the population. The number of visits served is the number of visits needed that providers are able to see, which is based on the estimated supply of providers. The difference between needed and served visits is the unmet need for the population residing in that geographic area.

These estimates can be used to identify locations where to target improvements in spatial access to adult primary care and to quantify disparities between Medicaid-insured v. non Medicaid-insured adult population.

The data file attached with this descriptor includes the following columns:

GEOID10 - The identification number of the census tract
X & Y - latitude and longitude
Accessibility: Accessibility for the overall population living in that census tract
AccessibilityMED: Accessibility for the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
Availability: Availability for the overall population living in that census tract
AvailabilityMED: Availability for the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
Coverage: Coverage for the overall population living in that census tract
CoverageMED: Coverage for the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
VisitsNeeded: The number of visits needed by the overall population living in that census tract
VisitsServed: The number of visits needed by the overall population living in that census tract that are able to be served by the available supply
VisitsNeededMED: The number of visits needed by the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract
VisitsServedMED: The number of visits needed by the Medicaid-insured population living in that census tract that are able to be served by the available supply